Turkey’s long-standing ambition to join the European Union (EU) has been a contentious issue for decades. Despite formally applying for membership in 1987 and starting accession negotiations in 2005, progress has stalled due to political disagreements, human rights concerns, and shifting geopolitical priorities. However, as Europe faces new economic and security challenges, there is a compelling case for expediting Turkey’s EU membership. A stronger partnership would not only reinforce European stability but also enhance economic cooperation, security, and global influence.
A History of Delayed Aspirations
Turkey’s relationship with the EU dates back to 1963 when it signed the Ankara Agreement, which laid the groundwork for closer economic ties. In 1995, Turkey entered a Customs Union with the EU, strengthening trade relations. However, despite these developments, its accession process has faced repeated delays. Concerns over democratic governance, press freedom, and the rule of law have hindered negotiations, while political tensions between Turkey and key EU members—especially over Cyprus—have further complicated the process.
Yet, Turkey remains a candidate country, and recent geopolitical shifts present a unique opportunity to reassess its membership prospects.
At a recent lunch debate at the European Parliament, politicians, ambassadors, business leaders and guests debated the challenges and opportunities the digital economy presents to both Türkiye and the European Union.
HE Ambassador Faruk KAYMAKCI, Permanent Representative of Türkiye to the EU, expanded on the benefits of allowing Türkiye to become a full member of the EU.
Why Turkey’s Membership is Essential for the EU:
Strengthening Europe’s Security
With the war in Ukraine reshaping European security dynamics, Turkey’s role as a NATO member and regional power has never been more critical. Situated at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, Turkey serves as a strategic buffer against regional conflicts, terrorism, and irregular migration.
By fast-tracking Turkey’s EU membership, Brussels would gain a stronger security partner with a powerful military and extensive intelligence capabilities. Turkey has already played a crucial role in mediating between Russia and Ukraine, facilitating grain export agreements, and ensuring stability in the Black Sea region. Greater integration would enhance EU-Turkey security cooperation, reinforcing Europe’s collective defence and crisis management capabilities.
Economic Benefits and Trade Expansion
Turkey boasts the world’s 19th-largest economy with a dynamic and youthful workforce of over 85 million people. As a member of the Customs Union, Turkey already enjoys strong trade ties with the EU, with bilateral trade surpassing €200 billion annually. Expediting membership would deepen economic integration, unlocking new investment opportunities for European businesses and strengthening Europe’s supply chains.
Additionally, Turkey’s growing role in energy transit—particularly with projects like the Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline (TANAP)—makes it a crucial partner in Europe’s quest for energy diversification. At a time when the EU is seeking to reduce dependence on Russian energy, closer ties with Turkey could provide alternative routes for gas imports from the Caspian region and the Middle East.
Managing Migration and Stability in the Region
Turkey hosts over 3.5 million Syrian refugees, acting as a key partner in the EU’s migration management strategy. The 2016 EU-Turkey migration deal helped curb irregular migration flows to Europe, demonstrating Turkey’s critical role in stabilising refugee movements.
By integrating Turkey more closely into the EU framework, Brussels would gain a more reliable partner in managing migration challenges. A more structured approach could lead to improved coordination on asylum policies, border security, and humanitarian efforts, reducing the strain on southern European nations like Greece and Italy.
A Cultural and Political Bridge Between East and West
Turkey’s accession would send a strong message about the EU’s commitment to inclusivity and diversity. As a secular, predominantly Muslim-majority nation, Turkey’s membership would challenge narratives that portray the EU as a closed club of Western Christian nations.
Furthermore, Turkey’s unique position as a bridge between Europe and the Middle East could enhance the EU’s diplomatic reach. A more engaged Turkey within the EU could help mediate conflicts, foster stability in neighbouring regions, and strengthen Europe’s global influence.
Challenges to Overcome
Despite these benefits, significant challenges remain. Concerns over Turkey’s human rights record, press freedoms, and judicial independence continue to raise red flags among EU policymakers. Additionally, unresolved tensions over Cyprus remain a major stumbling block in negotiations.
However, rather than keeping Turkey in a perpetual waiting phase, the EU should adopt a pragmatic approach that balances reforms with accelerated integration. A structured roadmap with clear benchmarks on democracy, human rights, and economic policies could provide a constructive pathway for progress.
A Strategic Imperative for Europe
At a time when the EU faces growing geopolitical and economic uncertainties, revitalizing Turkey’s accession process is not just a matter of diplomacy—it is a strategic imperative. Turkey’s membership would strengthen Europe’s security, boost economic growth, improve migration management, and enhance the EU’s global influence.
Rather than allowing the accession process to stagnate indefinitely, Brussels should seize the opportunity to build a stronger, mutually beneficial relationship with Turkey. By expediting negotiations and embracing Turkey’s potential, the EU can reaffirm its commitment to a more united, resilient, and forward-looking Europe.
